HS2135 Statistics 2010

Diploma in Nursing School of Health Sciences

Nanyang Polytechnic

Welcome to our blog.

We hope that you will enjoy your time when you view our Hs 2135 statistics blog!

Here we present the group members:

Leong Jie Ying 095744G
Lynn Samantha Long Shu Qi 091402Q
Nur Alia Bte Mohd Idris 086484W
Nurhafilda binte Shaik Ameerullah 095018C
Ren Jixin 090306E
Sarasuathi Gloria Encio 090498B

As blogger doesn't allow the earlier post to be on the top, we've amended the time of every blog post so that our readers can scroll down to read our entries in normal sequence, which is from the top to bottom.

Enjoy :)

HOW WE WENT ABOUT IT??

According to people perceptions, the length of the forearm is equivalent to the length of the feet. As we did a one to one interview asking them whether the length of the forearm is equivalent to the length of the feet, most of the subjects agreed to the statement.


Our research question:
Is a person's forearm's length is related to his/her feet length?


Defining the Variables:
• Variable 1: Forearm length.
• Variable 2: Feet length.
• Extraneous variables: Gender.


Conceptualization:
• Forearm length: Length taken from the wrist to the elbow of the subject
• Feet length: Length taken from the tip of the toes to the back of the foot of the subject


Literature Review:

What is it called when your forearm is the same size as your foot?

Long arms, small feet.

What is the relationship between height and shoe size?



Operationalization:

1. We gather our samples by using the random method. we measure the forearm and the feet of our schoolmates using the material we have prepare.
2. The material are used in centimeter for all the subject.
3. Everyone using the same side of the extrimeties to measure.
4. Two people will be collecting samples and ask for their permission.2 of the other group members will be measuring and each have to assure that it is the correct measurement taken. the last 2 members will be holding on to the list of measurement, they have to assure that the measurement heard are correct and charted according to the information they have given.
5. The data collected from a group of males and female of age-group between 17-47.


What Can Affect the Test:
Inaccurate length measurements can be caused by:

1. The subject tend to move and the readings maybe affected.
2. The base of the material may affect the result if is different or not still.
3. If the subject is wearing shoes that are difficult to remove they may want to abandon the test.[this may shows that they have not been given the information well]
4. Measurement are not to be taken from those who just came out of a cold or air-condition place as it may affect the result.[their feet size tend to shrink]


Precautions Taken During Operationalization:

1. Make sure that the material for measurement doesn't move around.
2. Adequate information are to be given so that no subject will abandon the est half-way.
3. Support the subject so that they don't fall
4. Support the subject so that they won't fidget to given false result.
5. Measurement are to be taken in the same environment temperature.

DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY [PICTURES]

THE APPROACH & RATIONALE FOR OUR STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Data Collection:

Overall, the data collected was good and there was no rejection.

Hypothesis Testing:

1. Null Hypothesis: There is NO significant relationship between a person's forearm's length and the length of the feet.
2. Alternative Hypothesis: There IS a significant relationship between a person's forearm's length to the elbow and the length of the feet.

Criteria to "Reject" or "Accept" the Null Hypothesis:

1. The decision rests on the p-value test statistic in relation to the user-defined α (alpha).

2. Alpha refers to the significance level. At this critical region, the range of values of the test statistic indicates that there IS a significant relationship and that the null hypothesis is rejected.

3. If the test statistic falls in the critical region (ie. p-value is ≤ α), it would lead to the rejection of the Null Hypothesis. In other words:
• If p is ≤ α, we would REJECT the Null Hypothesis.
• If p is > α, we cannot reject the null hypothesis and we've to ACCEPT the Alternative Hypothesis.

FOR FEMALE:

FOR MALE:

In our study, we have set α at 0.05.

Choosing an appropriate statistical test:

The statistical test depends whether the research question is about:

* Difference, or
* Correlation.

For our study, it is about correlation.

source: Chia, C. Y. (2008). Statistics in health sciences. (4th ed.). Singapore: McGraw Hill Education

Since both of our variables in question are scale variables, and guided by the above decision path, we use Pearson's r to do the testing.


What is Pearson's r?

1. Pearson's r let us know the strength and direction of the linear association between two scale variables.

2. This correlation coefficient indicates the strength of the correlation.

3. Its limit ranges from -1 to +1. The + or - values indicates the direction of the correlation and lets us know how the variables are related.

4. Values near -1 indicates a strong negative relationship and is visually represented by a downward slope of the samples in a graph, while values near +1 indicates a strong positive relationship and an upward slope of the graph.

5. The closer the correlation coefficient approaches zero, the weaker the relationship between the two variables.

CALCULATING USING SPSS AND INTERPRETING RESULTS

From the data collated, we generated a Scatter Plot for length of the forearm vs the length of foot for [Females] via SPSS:

From our data above, we generated a Scatter Plot for length of forearm vs the length of foot for [males] via SPSS:

For both Male and Females:

 We also generated Pearson's R coefficients for [Females] & [Males] using SPSS in the following table:

For both male and female:

1. We also generated Pearson's R coefficients for [Females] & [Males] using SPSS in the following table:

DISCUSSIONS

In general, for some individual:

1) The forearm's length is shorter by 2cm compared to the length of the feet.
2) The biggest difference length we measured is 3cm.
3) 33% of the subject length are equal.

While debate remains as to whether the length of the feet is equal to the length of the forearm, therefore, some people might just measure the length of the wrist to the elbow instead of trying the shoe due to some factors, like:

1) Embarrassment due to having smelly feet.
2) Inconvenient to take off and try the shoe.
3) Afraid of the environment crowd.
4) Wasting of time.
5) Fast and efficient way to get a shoe.

In conclusion, it is best for the people to try the shoe on instead of measuring from the wrist to the elbow. The width of the feet can't be measured therefore, the right size can't be obtained. Although it is inconvenient to take off the shoe, it is still the most accurate way of getting the right shoe size.

Therefore, there is NO significant relationship between the length of a person's forearm and the length of the feet.

OUR REFLECTIONS

Leong Jie ying:

Using blog as our project work is really different because usually we have to do presentation. from this project, i learn about teamwork, well working management and communicating skills with others. teamwork and well working allows me to do things faster and more organise. communicating well with the subject is also important so that they understands and it lessen the trouble. it allows me to learn the SPSS and understand my research method well. As both are needed to be planned well and to action to it.overall, it is a fun experience in working difference way that we usually do.

Nur Alia:

Statistic requires teamwork and effort. We were told to do a blog out of this module.we were taught to use spss, generate and collect data. I learnt how to analyse evidence base data and compare with the other data. It is part of out daily life if we are needed to do some research.

Nurhafilda:

Basically, statistics thought me a new software, which is SPSS. Life is so much easier when I get to configure and calculate numbers of different amount and letting me to create various types of graph with just one software. Learning SPSS is definitely something new for me. Statistics have also taught me the meaning of teamwork when we as a group, have to formulate a research question, perform the research and finalize it in a blog. It was a very interesting and wonderful experience as we not only collect data on our subjects but also, get to interact with our subjects which make us improve our interpersonal skills. At the end of the day, I get to learn new things lie, collecting data, using the SPSS to analyze the data collated and blog-making.

Sarah Gloria:

To me, statistic is very unique as well as a refreshing experience for my group mates and me. It enables us to build our teamwork and strengthen it. We had fun approaching other students as our samples. It also gives us an opportunity to enjoy and learn at the same time. Statistics taught me how to collect, collate and handle the different types of data we have. It also creates a foundation for me to collect and analyse data which requires SPSS, a programme used in Statistics, to analyse our findings. I believe that this module will be an aid in my final year project.

Lynn:

For this module, i focused on leonardo da vinci's theory on how the length of the feet is the same as the arm (from the wrist to the elbow). In doing this project, i saw many different variations to agree or disagree with the theory. my friend took the length of both arm and feet of random people while there are many values that are tallied there were some which did not. It is hard to conclude whether or not the theory is correct with the amount of people we collected our data from. But i feel plausible chance that it could be trust judging by the fact that almost moe than half of our data matched each other. This project give me a change to explore people into leonardo's theory and it has also allowed me to understand how such theories come about.

Jixin:

Overall, I find that doing this blog is interesting, like the way we will be graded with a blog. I've learned quite a few things:


1:The different types of data and how to collect, collate & handle them.
2: How to use different techniques appropriately to interpret and make sense of the data collecte
3:How to use SPSS, a software program, to help me analyze the data

I also learned teamwork while learning from each other.

In a word, It is a new experience as I have not done this before. Getting samples from our friends was fun. At the same time I think that this project will help be useful for me in my final year project.